The SOLiD™ System is a highly accurate, massively parallel next-generation sequencing platform that supports a wide range of applications.  The flexibility of two independent flow cells and multiplexing capability allow you to conduct multiple experiments in a single run. With unparalleled throughput and greater than 99.94% basecalling accuracy, the SOLiD™ System enables you to complete large-scale sequencing and tag experiments more cost effectively than previously possible.

 

Overview of SOLiD™ Sequencing Chemistry

Library Preparation

1. Prepare one of the two types of libraries (Figure 1) for SOLiD System sequencing-fragment or mate-paired. Your choice of library depends on the application you're performing and the information you desire from your experiments.
   
   

Emulsion PCR/Bead Enrichment

2. Prepare clonal bead populations (Figure 2) in microreactors containing template, PCR reaction components, beads, and primers.
3. After PCR, denature the templates and perform bead enrichment to separate beads with extended templates from undesired beads. The template on the selected beads undergoes a 3’ modification to allow covalent attachment to the slide.
   
   

Bead Deposition

4. Deposit 3’ modified beads onto a glass slide (Figure 3). During bead loading, deposition chambers enable you to segment a slide into one, four, or eight sections. A key advantage of the system is the ability to accommodate increasing densities of beads per slide, resulting in a higher level of throughput from the same system.
   
   

Sequencing by Ligation

5. Primers hybridize to the P1 adapter sequence on the templated beads (Figure 4).


6. A set of four fluorescently labeled di-base probes compete for ligation to the sequencing primer. Specificity of the di-base probe is achieved by interrogating every 1st and 2nd base in each ligation reaction.


7. Multiple cycles of ligation, detection and cleavage are performed with the number of cycles determining the eventual read length.


8. Following a series of ligation cycles, the extension product is removed and the template is reset with a primer complementary to the n-1 position for a second round of ligation cycles.
   
   

Primer Reset

9. Five rounds of primer reset are completed for each sequence tag (Figure 5). Through the primer reset process, virtually every base is interrogated in two independent ligation reactions by two different primers.
   
   For example, the base at read position 5 is assayed by primer number 2 in ligation cycle 2 and by primer number 3 in ligation cycle 1 (see figure at right). This dual interrogation is fundamental to the unmatched accuracy characterized by the SOLiD System.